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the exterior air

  • 1 actio

    actĭo, ōnis, f. [ago], a doing, performing, acting, action, act.
    I.
    In gen.:

    non modo deos spoliat motu et actione divina, sed etiam homines inertes efficit,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37; 2, 16;

    virtutis laus omnis in actione consistit,

    id. Off. 1, 6; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54.—With subject. gen.:

    ad eas res parandas, quibus actio vitae continetur,

    active, practical life, id. Off. 1, 5:

    corporis,

    id. Div. 1, 32:

    mentis,

    id. N. D. 1, 17; and with object. gen.: itaque nec actio rerum illarum ( the public performance of those things) apertā petulantiā vacat, id. ib. 1, 35, 127; ib. 1, 43:

    actio ullius rei,

    id. Ac. 2, 33, 108; and so plur.: periculosae rerum actiones sunt, Off. 1, 2, 4;

    hence: actio gratiarum,

    the giving of thanks, id. Fam. 10, 19 (cf.: gratias agere).—
    II.
    Esp.
    A. 1.
    In gen., Cic. Fam. 9, 8:

    tribunorum,

    their official duties, Liv. 5, 11; so,

    consularis,

    id. 4, 55 al.:

    actiones nostras scriptis mandamus,

    Cic. Off. 2, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—Hence negotiation, deliberation:

    discessu consulum actio de pace sublata est,

    Cic. Att. 9. 9.—Esp.
    2.
    Of judicial proceedings.
    a.
    An action, suit, process ( in abstr.), with a gen. more precisely defining it, e. g. actio furti, injuriarum; also with de:

    actio de repetundis, de arboribus succisis, etc.: actionem alicui intendere,

    Cic. Mil. 14:

    instituere,

    to bring an action against one, id. Mur. 9: multis actiones ( processes, suits) et res ( the property in suit) peribant, Liv. 39, 18 al.—
    b.
    The accusation ( in concr.), the statement of the crime, the indictment, charge, accusation:

    Inde illa actio, OPE CONSILIOQVE TVO FVRTVM AIO FACTVM ESSE,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74; cf. id. Caecin. 3; id. de Or. 1, 36, 167.—Hence, in gen., judicial forms (the omission of which rendered a suit null and void): actiones Manilianae, forms relative to purchase and sale; cf. Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 246:

    Hostilianae,

    ib. 1, 57, 245.—Hence,
    c.
    A pleading of a case (spoken or written); so Cic. calls his Orats. against Verres, actiones, pleas, simply dividing them into actio prima and actio secunda:

    actio causae,

    Cic. Caecin. 2, 4;

    actiones litium,

    id. Phil. 9, 5, 11; so,

    Suet. continuae actiones, Ner. 15: in prima parte actionis,

    Quint. 10, 1, 20 al. —
    d.
    Permission for a suit:

    dare alicui actionem (which was the right or duty of the praetor or judge),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27.—
    e.
    The judicial management of a suit, the trial, the day of trial:

    prima, altera, tertia,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 30; 2, 2, 6.—
    B.
    Gesticulation connected with oral delivery.
    1.
    Of an orator; the exterior air or bearing, the action, delivery: Demosthenem ferunt ei qui quaesivisset quid primum esset in dicendo, actionem;

    quid secundum, idem et idem tertium respondisse,

    Cic. Brut. 38; cf. id. de Or. 1, 18;

    so that it often includes even the voice: actio ejus (Pompeii) habebat et in voce magnum splendorem et in motu summam dignitatem,

    id. Brut. 68; cf. id. Or. 17:

    est actio quasi sermo corporis,

    id. de Or. 3, 59; cf. ib. 2, 17 al.—Hence, also —
    2.
    Of an actor, action:

    in quo tanta commoveri actio non posset,

    id. de Or. 3, 26.—
    C.
    In dramatic lang., the action, the connection or series of events, the plot, in a play:

    habet enim (fabula) varios actus multasque actiones et consiliorum et temporum,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > actio

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